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Charles-René-Louis, vicomte de Bernard de Marigny (1 February 1740 in Sées – 25 July 1816 in Brest) was a French vice admiral, grand-cross of the ordre de Saint-Louis and commander of the Brest fleet. == Biography == Born the fourth boy of an eight-child, old-but-poor family from Normandy, Marigny was destined to an ecclesiastic career; he was soon sent to Sées seminary. However, his temperament inclined him more to adventure; and at age 14 he escaped the seminary to find refuge with his older brother, who served with the ''gardes de la marine'' in Rochefort. Marigny broke relations with his father and studied to enter the ''gardes de la marine'' as well. He was admitted in 1754 and was appointed to the frigate ''Valeur'' the next year, for a 14-month campaign. He suffered from acute sea sickness, but he eventually managed to overcome this problem. Promoted to ensign in 1757, Marigny was appointed to the corvette ''Zéphir'', and later to the 74-gun ''Actif'', taking part in a campaign to India. After 40 months, Marigny returned to France on ''Zodiaque'', and served successively on ''Glorieux'', ''Minotaure'', ''Union'', the frigate '' Légère'' and the fluyt ''Garonne''. He cruised off Hispaniola, off Africa, Portugal, and India. In 1767, he was promoted to lieutenant and sent in a survey mission on the coasts of India. After an eight-month journey, he returned to France with a mémoire for the Ministry of the Navy. In 1770, Marigny was given command of the scow ''Dorade'', ferrying ammunition from Bayonne to Rochefort. After ''Dorade'' was decommissioned, Marigny was appointed to the harbor of Brest. In 1775, Marigny was awarded the Order of Saint Louis and given command of the corvette ''Serin,'' and of the station of Windward Islands. Poisoned by sleeping on his freshly repainted ship, Marigny fell ill for one year and had to resign his command. Once cured, he was given command of the corvette ''Étourdie'', cruising in the English Channel for six months. In late 1777, he was appointed to the frigate ''Belle Poule'' and tasked with carrying Benjamin Franklin to North America. Franklin was returning from a trip to France in which he had requested French aid for the American Revolutionary War on behalf of the U.S. Congress. On 7 January 1778, ''Belle Poulle'' was intercepted by HMS ''Hector'' and HMS ''Courageux'' at 45° 46 N 8° W. The ships maneuvered as to take ''Belle Poule'' in a crossfire and demanded that Marigny put a boat to sea, which he refused. A British ship then sent a boat and asked "''Who are you, where do you come from, where are you sailing?''", to which Marigny replied: After some negotiation, the British officer stated that he had confused ''Belle Poule'' for a ship of the revolted colonies masquerading as a French ship. As freemason, Charles de Bernard de Marigny served as "worshipful master" of his lodge, l'Heureuse rencontre, in Brest 〔Jean-Yves Guengant, Brest et la Franc-Maçonnerie : Les Amis de Sully, des origines à nos jours, Brest, Éditions Armeline, 2008〕〔Histoire de la Franc-maçonnerie en France By Jean André Faucher, Achille Ricker〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles de Bernard de Marigny」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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